India has diversified climates right from temperate to tropical climates. So, India has
been divided into 3 horticultural zones. They are:
TROPICAL ZONE
SUB-TROPICAL ZONE
TEMPERATE ZONE
TROPICAL ZONE: Entire South India below the Vindhya hills comes under this zone.
This zone is again sub-divided in to 3 sub-zones. They are:
Central tropical zone
Southern tropical zone
Coastal tropical humid zone
Central tropical zone: States of Maharastra, Orissa, Southern part of Madhya
Pradesh (Chattishgarh) and Telengana area of Andhra Pradesh comes under this
zone.
Fruit crops recommended: Mango, Cashew, Citrus, (Sweet Orange, Mandarin orange, and limes),
Grape, Guava, Sapota, Banana, Sithapahal, Fig, Ber, Pomegranate, Jamun, and Jackfruit.
Southern tropical zone: Andhra Pradesh excluding Telengana, Tamilnadu, Kerala
and Karnataka states comes under this zone.
Fruit crops recommended: Mango, Coconut, Banana, Cashew, Sapota, Pineapple, Mangosteen,
Breadfruit, Jackfruit, Sitaphal, Areca nut, Rubber, Pepper, Turmeric, Clove, Nutmeg, Cocoa, Coffee,
Citrus (Sweet Orange, Mandarin orange, and limes).
Coastal tropical humid zone: Areas covering all along the coast of different states of
peninsular India up to about 160 km inside to the sea shore line. The climate will be
always humid and warm. Temperature will not be mild in winter when compared to
southern tropical zone.
Fruit crops recommended: Coconut, Banana, Cashew, Jackfruit, Mango, and Pineapple.
SUB-TROPICAL ZONE: The area above the Vindhya hills comes under this zone.
Occasionally frost occurs in this zone. This zone is sub-divided into TWO sub-zones
basing on the direction. They are:
North-Western Subtropical zone: States like Rajasthan, Punjab, Haryana, Gujarat,
Parts of Bihar, U.P, M.P and west Bengal comes under this zone.
Fruit crops recommended: Litchi, citrus (sweet orange, mandarin oranges), dates, guava, sapota,
Papaya, phalsa, fig are some typical subtropical fruits grown but other tropical fruits like Mango, jack,
banana can also be grown etc.
North-eastern sub-tropical zone: Areas like parts of UP, Bihar, West Bengal,
Assam, Meghalaya, Manipur, Nagaland, Mizoram, Arunachal Pradesh, and Tripura.
Fruit crops recommended: Litchi, Citrus (Sweet Orange, Mandarin oranges), Dates, Guava, Sapota,
Papaya, Phalsa, Fig, Mango etc.
TEMPERATE ZONE: Areas comes in this zone are Jammu and
Kashmir,Kulu,Katrain,Kangra valleys of Punjab, parts of Himachal Pradesh and
kuman hills and also high altitude regions in South India-Nilagiris and Palani hills of
TamilNadu.This zone frequently experiences frosts.
This zone is further sub-divided in to two sub zones based on elevation. They are:
1. Higher elevation and 2. Lower elevation
Higher elevation: Elevation ranges from 1500—2500 m MSL.
Fruit crops recommended: Apple, Pears, Walnut, Almond, Cherry and Strawberry etc.
Lower elevation: Elevation ranges from 1200—1500 m MSL.
Fruit crops recommended: Peaches, Persimmons, Japanese plum etc.
Although Peach is a temperate fruit crop, a no. of varieties like Sharbati, Honey stone,
Sunred and Safeda can be successfully grown in the northern plains of subtropical
zone. Similarly Rome beauty an apple variety is grown around Bangalore.
Elevation is not only the factor which decides the prospects of fruit cultivation in
temperate zone. Other factors like hail storms, rainfall etc which should also be
considered for selection of site for fruit cultivation in temperate zone. Eg. Simla and
Solan at 2100 and 1400 m of elevation from sea level respectively. But they are not
suitable for growing fruits because of hail storms. But Kulu valley and Kotagarh
regions in Punjab are free from hailstorms and are suitable for growing temperate
fruits.